GLYCOLYSIS
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Bottom Line: Glycolysis is an ancient energy-generating pathway used by essentially all cells. Glycolysis generates a small amount of energy, and provides the entry point for the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and the TCA cycle. |
For a good summary of the glycolytic pathway, check Devlin, Figure 15.6.
Please note the structuring into the three stages: (a) Priming stage; (b) Splitting stage; (c) Oxidoreduction—phosphorylation stage.
Glycolysis is divided into 3 stages:
Stage 1 (Priming stage)
Phosphorylation of glucose and conversion to phosphorylated fructose. This stage requires energy in the form of ATP.
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Stage 2 (Splitting stage)
Cleavage of the 6-carbon phosphorylated fructose into two 3-carbon phosphorylated sugars.
We have now converted a single 6-carbon glucose into two 3-carbon glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates.
Stage 3 (Oxidoreduction-phosphorylation stage)
The "payoff". Energy is generated in this stage.
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Energy Balance Sheet for glycolysis
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NET |
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4 ATP/mole glucose |
2 ATP/mole glucose
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2 ATP/mole glucose
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In anaerobic glycolysis |
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5 more ATPs
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5 ATPs |
If oxygen is present, the 2 NADHs can donate a pair of electrons to the electron transport pathway in mitochondria and generate up to , making 7 ATPs total.
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TOTAL |
7 ATPs |
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